GRIHA Criterion 19 · Life-Cycle Embodied Carbon Matrix
Low-Carbon Material Library
Institutional-grade database of architectural materials with quantified Global Warming Potential (GWP), thermal conductivity ($k$), and IS compliance references.
Database Scope19 Materials
Top GWP Offset-0.80 kg CO₂e/kg
0.02 kg CO₂e/kgSeismic: Poor
Rammed Earth
Conductivity (k)1.2 W/m·K
Approx Rate₹50–100
Sustainability Rating10/10
Structural Integrity4/10
Net-Zero Embodied Carbon
renewable
0.51 kg CO₂e/kgSeismic: Excellent
Recycled Steel
Conductivity (k)50 W/m·K
Approx Rate₹60000–70000
Sustainability Rating9/10
Structural Integrity9/10
Low Embodied Carbon
circular
0.04 kg CO₂e/kgSeismic: Fair
Fly Ash Bricks
Conductivity (k)0.81 W/m·K
Approx Rate₹5–8
Sustainability Rating9/10
Structural Integrity6/10
IS 12894 Compliant
circularresidential
0.01 kg CO₂e/kgSeismic: Good
Bamboo Composite
Conductivity (k)0.14 W/m·K
Approx Rate₹80–150
Sustainability Rating9/10
Structural Integrity6/10
Innovation Pathway
renewable
-0.8 kg CO₂e/kgSeismic: Good
Engineered Timber (CLT/LVL)
Conductivity (k)0.14 W/m·K
Approx Rate₹120000–150000
Sustainability Rating9/10
Structural Integrity7/10
Carbon Sink Material
renewablecommercial
2.5 kg CO₂e/kgSeismic: N/A
Low-VOC Paint
Conductivity (k)0.1 W/m·K
Approx Rate₹400–800
Sustainability Rating9/10
Structural Integrity1/10
IAQ / IS 101 Standard
interiorhealth
0.07 kg CO₂e/kgSeismic: Fair
AAC Blocks
Conductivity (k)0.17 W/m·K
Approx Rate₹3500–4500
Sustainability Rating8/10
Structural Integrity5/10
IS 2185 Part 4 Compliant
residentialthermal
0.95 kg CO₂e/kgSeismic: Fair
Low-E Glass
Conductivity (k)1.05 W/m·K
Approx Rate₹1200–2500
Sustainability Rating7/10
Structural Integrity3/10
Visual Comfort — High Performance
envelope
0.6 kg CO₂e/kgSeismic: Good
Aluminium (recycled)
Conductivity (k)237 W/m·K
Approx Rate₹250–400
Sustainability Rating7/10
Structural Integrity7/10
Circular Economy Standard
envelopecircular
20 kg CO₂e/kgSeismic: Excellent
CFRP
Conductivity (k)1 W/m·K
Approx Rate₹5000–10000
Sustainability Rating6/10
Structural Integrity10/10
Innovation Pathway
structural
2.5 kg CO₂e/kgSeismic: Good
GFRP
Conductivity (k)0.3 W/m·K
Approx Rate₹1200–1800
Sustainability Rating6/10
Structural Integrity8/10
Innovation Pathway
structural
1.77 kg CO₂e/kgSeismic: Excellent
Structural Steel
Conductivity (k)50 W/m·K
Approx Rate₹65000–75000
Sustainability Rating5/10
Structural Integrity9/10
LCA Performance
structuralcommercial
0.15 kg CO₂e/kgSeismic: Excellent
High Performance Concrete
Conductivity (k)1.6 W/m·K
Approx Rate₹800–1200
Sustainability Rating5/10
Structural Integrity10/10
LCA Optimized
structural
0.9 kg CO₂e/kgSeismic: Excellent
Composite Steel-Concrete
Conductivity (k)1.5 W/m·K
Approx Rate₹5000–8000
Sustainability Rating5/10
Structural Integrity10/10
LCA Performance
structuralcommercial
0.1 kg CO₂e/kgSeismic: Good
Reinforced Concrete
Conductivity (k)1.44 W/m·K
Approx Rate₹450–600
Sustainability Rating4/10
Structural Integrity9/10
Benchmark LCA — Baseline
structural
0.12 kg CO₂e/kgSeismic: Excellent
Pre-stressed Concrete
Conductivity (k)1.44 W/m·K
Approx Rate₹1000–1500
Sustainability Rating4/10
Structural Integrity10/10
LCA Performance
structural
0.15 kg CO₂e/kgSeismic: Fair
Concrete Block
Conductivity (k)1 W/m·K
Approx Rate₹35–55
Sustainability Rating4/10
Structural Integrity6/10
Legacy Baseline
residential
0.24 kg CO₂e/kgSeismic: Poor
Burnt Clay Brick
Conductivity (k)0.81 W/m·K
Approx Rate₹6–12
Sustainability Rating3/10
Structural Integrity6/10
Legacy Baseline
residential
1.91 kg CO₂e/kgSeismic: Poor
Cast Iron
Conductivity (k)52 W/m·K
Approx Rate₹40–60
Sustainability Rating2/10
Structural Integrity7/10
Non-Preferred — Avoid
industrial